Indian Philosophy: Sid Harth

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Hindu Philosophy: Sid Harth

Samkhya
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Hindu philosophy

Persons

Ancient

Gautama · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksapada_Gautama
Jaimini · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaimini
Kanada · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanada
Kapila · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapila
Markandeya · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markandeya
Patañjali · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pata%C3%B1jali
Valmiki · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valmiki
Vyasa http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyasa

Medieval

Adi Shankara · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adi_Shankara
Basava · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basavanna
Dnyaneshwar · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnyaneshwar
Chaitanya · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu
Gangesha Upadhyaya · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangesha_Upadhyaya
Gaudapada · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaudapada
Jayanta Bhatta · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayanta_Bhatta
Kabir · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabir
Kumarila Bhatta · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kum%C4%81rila_Bha%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADa
Madhusudana · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhus%C5%ABdana_Sarasvat%C4%AB
Madhva · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhvacharya
Namdeva · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdev
Nimbarka · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimbarka
Prabhakara · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prabh%C4%81kara
Raghunatha Siromani · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raghunatha_Siromani
Ramanuja · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramanuja
Vedanta Desika · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta_Desika
Tukaram · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tukaram
Tulsidas · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulsidas
Vachaspati Mishra · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%81caspati_Mi%C5%9Bra
Vallabha http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallabha_Acharya

Modern

Aurobindo · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo
Coomaraswamy · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ananda_Coomaraswamy
Dayananda Saraswati · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati
Gandhi · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhi
Krishnananda · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krishnananda
Narayana Guru · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narayana_Guru
Prabhupada · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prabhupada
Ramakrishna · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramakrishna
Ramana Maharshi · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramana_Maharshi
Radhakrishnan · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radhakrishnan
Sivananda · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivananda
Vivekananda · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivekananda
Yogananda http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogananda

MIA Dr Jai Maharaj http://www.bing.com/search?q=Dr+Jai+Maharaj+is+a+sad+Monkey&go=&form=QBRE&qs=n&sk=

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Samkhya, also Sankhya, Sāṃkhya, or Sāṅkhya (Sanskrit: सांख्य, IAST:
sāṃkhya - 'enumeration') is one of the six schools of classical Indian
philosophy. Sage Kapila is traditionally considered as the founder of
the Samkhya school, although no historical verification is possible.
It is regarded as one of the oldest philosophical systems in India.[1]

Samkhya was one of the six orthodox systems (astika, those systems
that recognize vedic authority) of Hindu philosophy. The major text of
this Vedic school is the extant Samkhya Karika, circa 200 CE. This
text (in karika 70) identifies Sankhya as a Tantra[2] and its
philosophy was one of the main influences both on the rise of the
Tantras as a body of literature, as well as Tantra sadhana[3]. There
are no purely Sankhya schools existing today in Hinduism, but its
influence is felt in the Yoga and Vedanta schools.

Samkhya is an enumerationist philosophy that is strongly dualist.[4][5]
[6] Samkhya philosophy regards the universe as consisting of two
realities: Purusha (consciousness) and Prakriti (phenomenal realm of
matter). They are the experiencer and the experienced, not unlike the
res cogitans and res extensa of René Descartes. Prakriti further
bifurcates into animate and inanimate realms. On the other hand,
Purusha separates out into countless Jivas or individual units of
consciousness as souls which fuse into the mind and body of the
animate branch of Prakriti.

There are differences between Sankhya and Western forms of dualism. In
the West, the fundamental distinction is between mind and body. In
Samkhya, however, it is between the self (as Purusha) and matter
(Prakriti).

Literature

Sage Kapila is considered as the founder of the Samkhya school, but
there is no evidence to prove that the texts attributed to him, the
Sāṁkhyapravacana Sūtra and the Tattvasamāsa were actually composed by
him. The earliest extant text of this school is Sāṁkhya Kārikā of
Iśvarakṛṣṇa (3rd century). Iśvarakṛṣṇa in his Kārikā described himself
as being in the succession of the disciples from Kapila, through Āsuri
and Pañcaśikha. Gauḍapāda wrote a commentary on this Kārikā. The next
important work is Vācaspati’s Sāṁkhyatattvakaumudī (9th century AD).
Nārāyaṇa’s treatise Sāṁkhyacandrikā is based on the Kārikā. The
Sāṁkhyapravacana Sūtra is assigned to the 14th century, as Guṇaratna
(14th century) did not refer to this text but referred to the Kārikā.
This text consists of 6 chapters and 526 sūtras. The most important
commentary on the Sāṁkhyapravacana Sūtra is Vijñānabhikṣu’s
Sāṁkhyapravacanabhāṣya (16th century). Anirruddha’s
Kāpilasāṁkhyapravacanasūtravṛtti (15th century) and Mahādeva’s
Sāṁkhyapravacanasūtravṛttisāra (c. 1600) and Nāgeśa’s
Laghusāṁkhyasūtravṛtti are the other important commentaries on this
text.[7]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samkhyapravachana_Sutra

Epistemology

According to the Sankhya school, all knowledge is possible through
three pramanas (means of valid knowledge)[8] -

Pratyaksha or Drishtam - direct sense perception,
Anumana - logical inference and

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inference

Sabda or Aptavacana - verbal testimony.

Sankhya cites two kinds of perceptions: Indeterminate (nirvikalpa)
perceptions and determinate (savikalpa) perceptions.

Indeterminate perceptions are merely impressions without understanding
or knowledge. They reveal no knowledge of the form or the name of the
object. There is only external awareness about an object. There is
cognition of the object, but no discriminative recognition.

For example, a baby’s initial experience is full of impression. There
is a lot of data from sensory perception, but there is little or no
understanding of the inputs. Hence they can be neither differentiated
nor labeled. Most of them are indeterminate perceptions.

Determinate perceptions are the mature state of perceptions which have
been processed and differentiated appropriately. Once the sensations
have been processed, categorized, and interpreted properly, they
become determinate perceptions. They can lead to identification and
also generate knowledge.

Metaphysics

Ontology

Broadly, the Samkhya system classifies all objects as falling into one
of the two categories: Purusha and Prakriti. Metaphysically, Samkhya
maintains an intermingled duality between spirit/consciousness
(Purusha) and matter (Prakrti).

Purusha

Purusha is the Transcendental Self or Pure Consciousness. It is
absolute, independent, free, imperceptible, unknowable, above any
experience and beyond any words or explanation. It remains pure,
“nonattributive consciousness ”. Purusha is neither produced nor does
it produce. Unlike Advaita Vedanta and like Purva-Mimamsa, Samkhya
believes in plurality of the Purushas.[9]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purva-Mimamsa

Prakriti

Prakriti is the first cause of the universe--of everything except the
Purusha, which is uncaused, and accounts for whatever is physical,
both matter and force. Since it is the first principle (tattva) of the
universe, it is called the Pradhana, but, as it is the unconscious and
unintelligent principle, it is also called the Jada. It is composed of
three essential characteristics (trigunas). These are:

sattva - fineness, lightness, illumination, and joy;
rajas - activity, excitation, and pain;
tamas - coarseness, heavyness, obstruction, and sloth.[10][11][12]
All physical events are considered to be manifestations of the
evolution of Prakriti, or primal nature (from which all physical
bodies are derived). Each sentient being is a Purusha, and is
limitless and unrestricted by its physical body. Samsaara or bondage
arises when the Purusha does not have the discriminate knowledge and
so is misled as to its own identity, confusing itself with the
physical body, which is actually an evolute of Prakriti. The spirit is
liberated when the discriminate knowledge of the difference between
conscious Purusha and unconscious Prakriti is realized.

Ishvara (Creationist God)

The Sāṁkhyapravacana Sūtra states that there is no philosophical place
for a creationist God in this system. It is also argued in this text
that the existence of Ishvara cannot be proved and hence cannot be
admitted to exist[13] and an unchanging Ishvara as the cause cannot be
the source of a changing world as the effect. Almost all modern
scholars are of view that the concept of Ishvara was incorporated into
the nirishvara (atheistic) Samkhya viewpoint only after it became
associated with the Yoga, the Pasupata and the Bhagavata schools of
philosophy. This theistic Samkhya philosophy is described in the
Mahabharata, the Puranas and the Bhagavad Gita[14]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoga
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasupata

Nature of Duality

The Samkhya recognizes only two ultimate entities, Prakriti and
Purusha. While the Prakriti is a single entity, the Samkhya admits a
plurality of the Purushas. Unintelligent, unmanifest, uncaused, ever-
active, imperceptible and eternal Prakriti is alone the final source
of the world of objects which is implicitly and potentially contained
in its bosom. The Purusha is considered as the intelligent principle,
a passive enjoyer (bhokta) and the Prakriti is the enjoyed (bhogya).
Samkhya believes that the Purusha cannot be regarded as the source of
inanimate world, because an intelligent principle cannot transform
itself into the unintelligent world. It is a pluralistic spiritualism,
atheistic realism and uncompromising dualism.[12] See
Dualism#Consciousness/Matter_dualism.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dualism#Consciousness.2FMatter_dualism

Theory of Existence

The Sankhya system is based on Satkaryavada. According to
Satkaryavada, the effect pre-exists in the cause. Cause and effect are
seen as different temporal aspects of the same thing - the effect lies
latent in the cause which in turn seeds the next effect.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality

More specifically, Sankhya system follows the Prakriti-Parinama Vada.
Parinama denotes that the effect is a real transformation of the
cause. The cause under consideration here is Prakriti or more
precisely Mula-Prakriti (Primordial Matter). The Sankhya system is
therefore an exponent of an evolutionary theory of matter beginning
with primordial matter. In evolution, Prakriti is transformed and
differentiated into multiplicity of objects. Evolution is followed by
dissolution. In dissolution the physical existence, all the worldly
objects mingle back into Prakriti, which now remains as the
undifferentiated, primordial substance. This is how the cycles of
evolution and dissolution follow each other.

The twenty-four principles

Sankhya theorizes that Prakriti is the source of the world of
becoming. It is pure potentiality that evolves itself successively
into twenty four tattvas or principles. The evolution itself is
possible because Prakriti is always in a state of tension among its
constituent strands -

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prakriti
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattva

Sattva - a template of balance or equilibrium; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sattva
Rajas - a template of expansion or activity; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajas
Tamas - a template of inertia or resistance to action.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamas_(philosophy)

All macrocosmic and microcosmic creation uses these templates. The
twenty four principles that evolve are -

Prakriti - The most subtle potentiality that is behind whatever is
created in the physical universe, also called "primordial Matter". It
is also a state of equilibrium amongst the Three Gunas.
Mahat - first product of evolution from Prakriti, pure potentiality.
Mahat is also considered to be the principle responsible for the rise
of buddhi or intelligence in living beings.
Ahamkara or ego-sense - second product of evolution. It is responsible
for the self-sense in living beings. It is also one's identification
with the outer world and its content.
"Panch Tanmatras" are a simultaneous product from Mahat Tattva, along
with the Ahamkara. They are the subtle form of Panch Mahabhutas which
result from grossification or Panchikaran of the Tanmatras. Each of
these Tanmatras are made of all three Gunas.
Manas or "Antahkaran" evolves from the total sum of the sattva aspect
of Panch Tanmatras or the "Ahamkara"
Panch jnana indriyas or five sense organs - also evolves from the
sattva aspect of Ahamkara.
Pancha karma indriya or five organs of action - The organs of action
are hands, legs, vocal apparatus, urino-genital organ and anus. They
evolve from the rajas aspect of Ahamkara.
Pancha mahabhuta or five great substances - ether, air, fire, water
and earth. They evolve from the "tamas" aspect of the "Ahamkara". This
is the revealed aspect of the physical universe.
The evolution of primal nature is also considered to be purposeful -
Prakrti evolves for the spirit in bondage. The spirit who is always
free is only a witness to the evolution, even though due to the
absence of discriminate knowledge, he misidentifies himself with
Purusha (body).[citation needed]

The evolution obeys causality relationships, with primal Nature itself
being the material cause of all physical creation. The cause and
effect theory of Sankhya is called Satkaarya-vaada (theory of existent
causes), and holds that nothing can really be created from or
destroyed into nothingness - all evolution is simply the
transformation of primal Nature from one form to another.

The evolution of matter occurs when the relative strengths of the
attributes change. The evolution ceases when the spirit realizes that
it is distinct from primal Nature and thus cannot evolve. This
destroys the purpose of evolution, thus stopping Prakrti from evolving
for Purusha.

Sankhyan cosmology describes how life emerges in the universe; the
relationship between Purusha and Prakriti is crucial to Patanjali's
yoga system. The evolution of forms at the basis of Sankhya is quite
remarkable. The strands of Sankhyan thought can be traced back to the
Vedic speculation of creation. It is also frequently mentioned in the
Mahabharata and Yogavasishta.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esoteric_cosmology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patanjali
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veda
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabharata
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogavasishta

Moksha

Like other major systems of Indian philosophy, Sankhya regards
ignorance as the root cause of bondage and suffering (Samsara).
According to Sankhya, the Purusha is eternal, pure consciousness. Due
to ignorance, it identifies itself with the physical body and its
constituents - Manas, Ahamkara and Mahat, which are products of
Prakriti. Once it becomes free of this false identification and the
material bonds, Moksha ensues. Other forms of Sankhya teach that
Moksha is attained by one's own development of the higher faculties of
discrimination achieved by meditation and other yogic practices as
prescribed through the Hindu Vedas.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsara
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moksha

Views of what happens to the soul after liberation vary tremendously,
as the Sankhya view is used by many different Hindu sects and is
rarely practiced alone.

See also

Hinduism http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism
Yoga http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoga
Darshanas http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darshanas
Hindu philosophy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_philosophy
Indian philosophy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_philosophy
Linga sarira http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linga_sarira
Advaita Vedanta http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta
of Adi Shankara http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adi_Shankara
Dualism http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dualism_(philosophy_of_mind)

Notes

^ Sharma, C. (1997). A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy, Delhi:
Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 81-208-0365-5, p.149
^ P.C. Bagchi, Evolution of the Tantras, Studies on the Tantras,
Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, Kolkata, 1989, ISBN
81-85843-36-8, pp.6
^ P.C. Bagchi, Evolution of the Tantras, Studies on the Tantras,
Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, Kolkata, 1989, ISBN
81-85843-36-8, pp.10
^ For the basis of Samkhya as dualist Purusha and Prakriti, see:
Michaels, p. 264.
^ For the separation between Purusha and Prakriti as the "cardinal
doctrine" of Sankhya philosophy, see: Sen Gupta, p. 6.
^ For Sankhya as a dualist school, see: Radhakrishnan and Moore, p.
89.
^ Radhakrishnan, S. Indian Philosophy, Vol. II, Oxford University
Press, New Delhi, 2006, ISBN 0-19-563820-4, pp.253-56
^ Samkhya Karika, śloka4
^ Sharma, C. (1997). A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy, Delhi:
Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 81-208-0365-5, pp.155-7
^ Hiriyanna, M. (1993, reprint 2000). Outlines of Indian Philosophy,
Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 81-208-1099-6, pp.270-2
^ Chattopadhyaya, D. (1986). Indian Philosophy: A popular
Introduction, New Delhi: People's Publishing House, ISBN
81-7007-023-6, pp.109-110
^ a b Sharma, C. (1997). A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy,
Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 81-208-0365-5, pp.149-68
^ Sāṁkhyapravacana Sūtra, I.92
^ Karmarkar, A.P. (1962). Religion and Philosophy of Epics in S.
Radhakrishnan ed. The Cultural Heritage of India, Vol.II, Calcutta:
The Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, ISBN 81-85843-03-1, pp.
90-1

References

Eliade, Mircea (1969). Yoga: Immortality and Freedom. Bollingen Series
LVI. New York, New York: Bollingen Foundation, Inc.. ISBN
0-691-01764-6. Second Edition. Translated from the French by Willard
R. Trask.
Michaels, Axel (2004). Hinduism: Past and Present. Princeton, New
Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-08953-1.
Radhakrishnan, S.; Moore, C. A. (1957). A Source Book in Indian
Philosophy. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN
0-691-01958-4. Princeton paperback 12th printing, 1989.
Sen Gupta, Anima. The Evolution of the Sāṃkhya School of Thought.
Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd.: New Delhi, 1986.

Further reading

Chatterjee, Satischandra; Datta, Dhirendramohan (1984). An
Introduction to Indian Philosophy (Eighth Reprint Edition ed.).
Calcutta: University of Calcutta.
Müeller, Max (1899). Six Systems of Indian Philosophy; Samkhya and
Yoga, Naya and Vaiseshika. Calcutta: Susil Gupta (India) Ltd.. ISBN
0-7661-4296-5. Reprint edition; Originally published under the title
of The Six Systems of Indian Philosophy.
Radhakrishnan, S.; Moore, CA (1967). A Sourcebook in Indian
Philosophy. Princeton. ISBN 0-691-01958-4.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan
R.A. Ramaswami Shastri, A Short History Of The Purva Mimamsa Shastra,
Annamalai University Sanskrit Series No. 3 (1936).
Zimmer, Heinrich (1951). Philosophies of India. New York, New York:
Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-01758-1. Bollingen Series
XXVI; Edited by Joseph Cambell.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Zimmer
Larson, Gerald J., Classical Samkhya, New Delhi 1979, sec. rev. ed.,
(includes translation of Isvarakrsna's Samkhyakarika).
Weerasinghe, S.G.M., The Sankhya Philosophy; A Critical Evaluation of
Its Origins and Development, New Delhi 1993.
Garbe, Richard, Die Samkhya-Philosophie, eine Darstellung des
indischen Rationalismus, Leipzig 1894.
Kambhampati, Parvathi Kumar (1993). Sankya - The Sacred Doctrine
(First Edition ed.). Visakhapatnam: Dhanishta. ISBN 8-190-03323-9. .

External links

Samkhya entry in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

http://www.iep.utm.edu/sankhya/Sankhya philosophy (archive)
http://web.archive.org/web/20041023062627/http://www.philo.demon.co.uk/enumerat.htm
Comparison between Indian and Greek cosmology
http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0303001
Maharshi Vyasa and Sankhya Shastra
http://www.indology.net/article71.html
PDF file of Ishwarkrishna's sankhyakarikaa - 200BC (in Sanskrit)
available for research purposes only
http://sanskritdocuments.org/all_pdf/IshvarakRiShNasAnkyakArikA.pdf

v • d • e

Indian philosophy

Topics

Logic · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_logic
Idealism · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_idealism
Monotheism · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_views_on_monotheism
Atheism http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheism_in_Hinduism

Āstika http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_philosophy

Samkhya · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samkhya

Nyaya · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyaya
Vaisheshika · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaisheshika
Yoga · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raja_Yoga
Mimamsa · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimamsa
Vedanta (Advaita · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta
Vishishtadvaita · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishishtadvaita
Dvaita · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvaita
Acintya bheda abheda) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acintya_bheda_abheda

Nāstika http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nastika

Cārvāka · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%81rv%C4%81ka
Jaina (Anekantavada · Syadvada) ·
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anekantavada
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syadvada
Bauddha (Shunyata · Madhyamaka ·
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunyata
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhyamaka
Yogacara · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogacara
Sautrantika · Svatantrika)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sautrantika
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svatantrika

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samkhya

http://renedescate.blogspot.com/

...and I am Sid Harth

[navanavonmilita]

Indian Philosophy: Sid Harth
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I Write, Therefore I am : Sid Harth
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SAMAYA SARA OR THE NATURE OF THE SELF (1950)

Author: SREE KUNDA KUNDA
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The Kalpa sutra, and Nava tatva: two works illustrative of the Jain
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User Review - Anal Dharamshi - Flag as inappropriate
Hiii..

this is very useful article. i was searching for original kalpsutra
article to read during paryushan and i found this one. the quality of
this pdf is little bit lower, as it is scanned copy. but this is only
full article, i found about kalpsutra online. hope you people will
like it.
regards,
anal dharamshi

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The Kalpa sutra, and Nava tatva: two works illustrative of the Jain
religion and philosophy - Stevenson, J. (John), 1798-1858
Keywords: Mahavira; Jainism
Downloads: 192

The Jains By Paul Dundas

Book overview

The Indian religion of Jainism, whose central tenet involves non-
violence to all creatures, is one of the world's oldest and least-
understood faiths. Dundas looks at Jainism in its social and doctrinal
context, its history, sects, scriptures and ritual, and describes how
the Jains have, over two and a half thousand years, defined themselves
as a unique religious community. This revised and expanded edition
takes account of new research into Jainism.

Limited preview - Edition: 2 - 2002 - 354 pages - Religion

Other editions
Edition 1 - 1992

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User Review - Chintu - Flag as inappropriate

HI
This is Tarun Jain from India, Delhi
Prior to read this book. I had no so much knowledge about Jain
Religion. In spite of this fact that I am Jain. I mean to say that in
spite of this that I belong to Jain Religion I had no good knowledge
about my Community.
Thanks to The Book Writer & his Supporter team to write this Book on
Jainism
The book Language was Easy to Read & Understandable.

I feel great after Reading this Book.
It seems that I didn’t write much about this book. I write as I feel
after reading & I am Not a Writer Also SO
Thanks Again!

Excellent but not Easy
User Review - Will Jerom - Amazon.com -
Paul Dundas has produced some serious and valuable scholarship on
Jainism. Academics wishing a deeper appreciation and understanding of
Jainism than most introductions can give will like Dundas' work ...

Difficult but thorough read
User Review - JM Shah "Goober" - Amazon.com -
This book gets really detailed, and it's hard to keep track of some of
the histories and nuances in philosophy. Nonetheless, my mother was
amazed at how completely the author covered Jainism, and I'm learning
alot myself (we're both Jain).

A fine text on Jainism
User Review - John W "amateur indologist and philologist" -
Amazon.com -
The author does a very thorough job introducing the reader to Jainism,
its history, its sacred days, its customs and its sects. Indian
language vocabulary is also well-explained (mostly Sanskrit). The ...

Excellent but not Easy
User Review - Will Jerom - Amazon.com -
Paul Dundas has produced some serious and valuable scholarship on
Jainism. Academics wishing a deeper appreciation and understanding of
Jainism than most introductions can give will like Dundas' work ...

Difficult but thorough read
User Review - JM Shah "Goober" - Amazon.com -
This book gets really detailed, and it's hard to keep track of some of
the histories and nuances in philosophy. Nonetheless, my mother was
amazed at how completely the author covered Jainism, and I'm learning
alot myself (we're both Jain).

A fine text on Jainism
User Review - John W "amateur indologist and philologist" -
Amazon.com -
The author does a very thorough job introducing the reader to Jainism,
its history, its sacred days, its customs and its sects. Indian
language vocabulary is also well-explained (mostly Sanskrit). The ...

http://books.google.com/books?id=rXuEfM7iR_sC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_slider_thumb#v=onepage&q&f=false

Jainism: an Indian religion of salvation By Helmuth von Glasenapp,
Shridhar B. Shrotri

Book overview

The present book is one of the best and stimulating books ever written
by scholars on Jainism. A glance at its contents will reveal the fact
that Glasenapp has covered almost all the salient features of Jainism.
The book is divided into

Limited preview - 1999 - 551 pages

Reviews

Jainism: An Indian Religion of Salvation. (Brief Reviews

Editorial Review - encyclopedia.com
Jainism: An Indian Religion of Salvation. By HELMUTH VON GLASENAPP.
Translated by SB Shrotri. Lala SL Jain Research Series, vol. 14.
Delhi: MO.

User reviews
Jainism: An Indian Religion of Salvation. (Brief Reviews

User Review - encyclopedia.com -
Jainism: An Indian Religion of Salvation. By HELMUTH VON GLASENAPP.
Translated by SB Shrotri. Lala SL Jain Research Series, vol. 14.
Delhi: MO.

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Shraman Mahavir, his life & teachings By Nathamal (Muni)

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Life of Mahavira By Mānikyachandra Jaini, Manak Chand Jaini

Book overview

Full view - 1908 - 91 pages - Biography & Autobiography

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Guardians of the transcendent: an ethnography of a Jain ascetic
community By Anne Vallely

Book overview

Itinerant white-robed ascetics represent the highest ethical ideal
among the Jains of rural Rajasthan. They renounce family, belongings,
and desires in order to lead lives of complete non-violence. In their
communities, Jain ascetics play key roles as teachers and exemplars of
the truth; they are embodiments of the lokottar - the realm of the
transcendent.

Based on thirteen months of fieldwork in the town of Ladnun,
Rajasthan, India, among a community of Terapanthi Svetambar Jains,
this book explores the many facets of what constitutes a moral life
within the Terapanthi ascetic community, and examines the central role
ascetics play in upholding the Jain moral order. Focussing on the
Terapanthi moral universe from the perspective of female renouncers,
Vallely considers how Terapanthi Jain women create their own ascetic
subjectivities, and how they construct and understand themselves as
symbols of renunciation. The first in-depth ethnographic study of this
important and influential Jain tradition, this work makes a
significant contribution to Jain studies, comparative religion, Indian
studies, and the anthropology of South Asian religion.

Limited preview - 2002 - 296 pages - History

Results 1-2 of 2

good review of Jain sect of Terapanth
User Review - Peter Pratir - Amazon.com -
This is a good introduction of Terapanth sect of Jainism with a
detailed fieldwork done by the author.

good review of Jain sect of Terapanth
User Review - Peter Pratir - Amazon.com -
This is a good introduction of Terapanth sect of Jainism with a
detailed fieldwork done by the author.

http://books.google.com/books?id=eI4PAY9rDmQC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_slider_thumb#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://bakulaji.typepad.com/blog/indian-philosophy-sid-harth.html

...and I am Sid Harth

[cogitoergosum]

Indian Philosophy: Sid Harth
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.indian.marathi/browse_thread/thread/466f52a33644d3b9#
http://bakulaji.typepad.com/blog/indian-philosophy-sid-harth-1.html

I Write, Therefore I am : Sid Harth
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.indian.marathi/browse_thread/thread/4cb1ce65c9d8f4c5#

http://books.google.com/books?id=eI4PAY9rDmQC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_slider_thumb#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://bakulaji.typepad.com/blog/indian-philosophy-sid-harth.html

Sources Utilized For This Study

J KRISHNAMURTI:

(1) The main source of this study is the Krishnamurti CD-ROM by the
Krishnamurti Foundation Trust-1991. This CD-ROM contains the complete
published works of Krishnamurti (from 1933-1986) and includes his
talks, discussions, dialogues, Questions-Answers, writings etc.

(2) Archival material at Krishnamurti foundations. (as quoted in Books
by Mary Lutyens, Pupul Jayakar, Susunaga Weeraperuma and G Narayan).

(a) The Years of Awakening by Mary Lutyens Avon books USA
(b) The Years of Fulfillment by Mary Lutyens Avon books USA
(c) The Open Door by Mary Lutyens Avon books USA
(d) Biography of Krishnamurti by Pupul Jayakar
(e) The River meets the ocean by G. Narayan
(f) 'J. Krishnamurti as I knew him' by Susunaga Weeraperuma. Motilal
Banarsidass.
(g) The Sayings of J. Krishnamurti-Susunaga Weeraperuma, Motilal
Banarsidass
(3) Reference books consulted :-
(a) Lives of Alcyone by CW Leadbeater. Theosophical Society.
(b) Thousand Suns-Asit Chandmal (collection of pictures of K and a few
anecdotes).

This study utilizes excerpts from the entire life span of
Krishnamurti's teachings from 1920's to 1986 and is representative of
the whole spectrum of his teachings.

This study is genuine, authentic and unbiased. Word by word as
Krishnamurti said and not a word from outside. I have not added
anything from my side. The wordings of the questions put to
Krishnamurti by others in discussions / dialogues / question and
answer sessions have not been utilized for this study. Whatever J.
Krishnamurti has said has been presented without altering it in
anyway.

The sources of the sayings of J Krishnamurti have been mentioned along
with the quotes. I have taken paragraphs from the first part of this
study and these paragraphs are entirely a collection of K's own words.
These paragraphs are sourced from more than one source and as such the
source for such paragraphs is mentioned simply as 'CD-ROM'. Kindly
refer to the first part of this study (K on sensations/the journey
from sensations to sacred by K) to find how that study was done.
Please utilize the word search option on the KFT CD-ROM to verify the
authenticity of any statement or to find out the source/reference. At
several places in the study I have mentioned the name of the book and
the page no from where the quote has been taken. All these books have
been published by KFI. The material contained in these books is
available on the CD-ROM and detailed source/reference can be checked
by using the CD-ROM.

The reference of all non CD-ROM sources (Archival material) have
clearly been mentioned and for further details please check the book
mentioned.

BUDDHA-DHAMMA:

(1) The major input of this study is from the publications of
Vipassana Research Institute (VRI)-Igatpuri (Nasik) India-422403. The
discourses of Shri S N Goenka and Sayagyi U Ba Khin as published by
VRI have been utilized alongwith the research articles published by
VRI.

TIPITAKA: VRI has compiled the Chattha Sangayana CD-ROM which is the
most authentic compilation of the Buddha's sayings alongwith
commentaries and sub commentaries in Pali. All the research papers and
publications of VRI utilize this CD-ROM.

The books and sources utilized are :-

a) Tipitak mein Samyak Sambuddh (Vol. I and II) (in hindi) VRI
b) Jage Pavan Prerna (hindi) VRI
c) Jage Antarbodh (hindi) VRI
d) Maha Satipatthana Suttam-VRI
e) Discourses on Satipatthana Sutta by Shri S N Goenka-VRI
f) Sayagyi U Ba Khin Journal VRI
g) Art of Living by William Hart-VRI
h) Dhammageetam (Hindi/Pali)-VRI
i) Manuals of Dhamma by Ven Ledi Sayadaw-VRI
j) A Re appraisal of Patanjali's Yoga Sutras by Shri S N Tandon VRI
k) Vipassana newsletters (english/hindi) as published by VRI Igatpuri.
These newsletters are available at the archives in Igatpuri and some
of them are available on the website www.vri.dhamma.org
l) Dhamma archives and Q/A collection on the website of Vipassana.
( www.vri.dhamma.org )
m) audio recording of S N Goenka's Talks / Q/A at Calcutta, Igatpuri
and Pune.
The pali quotations of the teachings of Lord Buddha and their
translations have mostly been taken from VRI sources. VRI publications
and the CD-ROM compiled by them and the translations are considered to
be genuine and authentic. At several places excerpts from the articles/
discourses of S N Goenka/Sayagyi U Ba Khin have been added for
clarity.
DR. S N Goenka-D litt by Nalanda University is considered to be world
Vipassana Teacher and an authority on pariyatti and Patipatti (theory
and practice of Buddha's Teachings) and he learnt Vipassana from
Sayagyi U Ba Khin the great Burmese Vipassana Teacher.

The VRI CD-ROM can be utilized to verify the authenticity and to check
the reference of any discourse by Lord Buddha.

Kindly check the book sources mentioned for further details and for
further reading.

Non VRI books utilized for this study are:

a) The Buddha and His Teachings - Narada. (BPS Sri Lanka)
b) The five aggregates by Matthieu Boisvert. (Canadian Corporation for
study in religion.)
c) The Buddha's Ancient Path by Thera Piyadassi. (Corporate Body of
Buddha Educational Foundation)
d) The All Embracing Net Of Views (Brahmajala Sutta) by Bhikkhu Bodhi
(BPS Kandy Sri Lanka)
e) A comprehensive manual of Abhidhamma Narada, Bodhi (BPS-Sri Lanka)
f) Visuddhimagga - 'The Path of Purification' by Thera Nanamoli.

WEBSITES

J. KRISHNAMURTI: http://www.jkrishnamurti.org/krishnamurti-teachings/print.html?seccion=biography&t=about-krishnamurti

Please check www.kfa.org for info on K CD-ROM, publications, the
foundations in USA, UK and India.

DHAMMA:

:Please check www.dhamma.org and www.vri.dhamma.org for Tipitaka CD-
ROM, publications, addresses of Vipassana meditation centres and
course schedules all over the world.

May all beings be happy !

- Munish Agarwal

An Overview of Krishnamurti’s Life and Work

Jiddu Krishnamurti was born on 11 May 1895 in Madanapalle, a small
town in south India. He and his brother were adopted in their youth by
Dr Annie Besant, then president of the Theosophical Society. Dr Besant
and others proclaimed that Krishnamurti was to be a world teacher
whose coming the Theosophists had predicted. To prepare the world for
this coming, a world-wide organization called the Order of the Star in
the East was formed and the young Krishnamurti was made its head.

In 1929, however, Krishnamurti renounced the role that he was expected
to play, dissolved the Order with its huge following, and returned all
the money and property that had been donated for this work.

From then, for nearly sixty years until his death on 17 February 1986,
he travelled throughout the world talking to large audiences and to
individuals about the need for a radical change in mankind.

Krishnamurti is regarded globally as one of the greatest thinkers and
religious teachers of all time. He did not expound any philosophy or
religion, but rather talked of the things that concern all of us in
our everyday lives, of the problems of living in modern society with
its violence and corruption, of the individual's search for security
and happiness, and the need for mankind to free itself from inner
burdens of fear, anger, hurt, and sorrow. He explained with great
precision the subtle workings of the human mind, and pointed to the
need for bringing to our daily life a deeply meditative and spiritual
quality.

Krishnamurti belonged to no religious organization, sect or country,
nor did he subscribe to any school of political or ideological
thought. On the contrary, he maintained that these are the very
factors that divide human beings and bring about conflict and war. He
reminded his listeners again and again that we are all human beings
first and not Hindus, Muslims or Christians, that we are like the rest
of humanity and are not different from one another. He asked that we
tread lightly on this earth without destroying ourselves or the
environment. He communicated to his listeners a deep sense of respect
for nature. His teachings transcend man-made belief systems,
nationalistic sentiment and sectarianism. At the same time, they give
new meaning and direction to mankind's search for truth. His teaching,
besides being relevant to the modern age, is timeless and universal.

Krishnamurti spoke not as a guru but as a friend, and his talks and
discussions are based not on tradition-based knowledge but on his own
insights into the human mind and his vision of the sacred, so he
always communicates a sense of freshness and directness although the
essence of his message remained unchanged over the years. When he
addressed large audiences, people felt that Krishnamurti was talking
to each of them personally, addressing his or her particular problem.
In his private interviews, he was a compassionate teacher, listening
attentively to the man or woman who came to him in sorrow, and
encouraging them to heal themselves through their own understanding.
Religious scholars found that his words threw new light on traditional
concepts. Krishnamurti took on the challenge of modern scientists and
psychologists and went with them step by step, discussed their
theories and sometimes enabled them to discern the limitations of
those theories. Krishnamurti left a large body of literature in the
form of public talks, writings, discussions with teachers and
students, with scientists and religious figures, conversations with
individuals, television and radio interviews, and letters. Many of
these have been published as books, and audio and video recordings.

More information about Krishnamurti’s life can be found in the
biographies written by Mary Lutyens and Pupul Jayakar.

http://www.scribd.com/doc/21458451/Mary-Lutyens-3-Krishnamurti-the-Open-Door

http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/images/014019519X/ref=dp_image_0?ie=UTF8&n=283155&s=books

http://www.amazon.com/J-Krishnamurti-Biography-Pupul-Jayakar/dp/014019519X

Awakening of Intelligence, The (Paperback)
~ Jiddu Krishnamurti
Jiddu Krishnamurti (Author)

(Author) "Needleman: There is much talk of a spiritual revolution
among young people, particularly here in California..." (more)
Key Phrases: space between the observer, division between the
observer, unitary movement, Another Questioner, New York, Gnana Yoga
(more...)

This comprehensive record of Krishnamurti’s teachings is an excellent,
wide-ranging introduction to the great philosopher’s thought. With
among others, Jacob Needleman, Alain Naude, and Swami Venkatasananda,
Krishnamurti examines such issues as the role of the teacher and
tradition; the need for awareness of ‘cosmic consciousness; the
problem of good and evil; and traditional Vedanta methods of help for
different levels of seekers.
From the Publisher

This comprehensive record of Krishnamurti's teaching is an excellent,
wide-ranging introduction to the great philosopher's thought.

About the Author

Total Freedom is both an introduction to Krishnamurti and an
essential, extensive collection. It includes selections from his early
work to his later Krishnamurti to Himself: His Last Journal, and his
valuable insight into the nature of the self, meditation, sex, love,
and the mysteries of life and death. Revealing his core teachings in
all their eloquence and power, these writings incite us to recognize
the "Truth is a pathless land," to accept no spiritual authority--not
even himself--and to think critically, that we may free our minds and
see clearly on our own personal journey.

Product Details

Paperback: 544 pages
Publisher: HarperOne (May 6, 1987)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0060648341
ISBN-13: 978-0060648343
Product Dimensions: 7.9 x 5 x 1.3 inches
Shipping Weight: 11.2 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review: 4.7 out of 5 stars

Amazon.com Sales Rank: #137,327 in Books (See Bestsellers in Books)

25 customer reviews

43 of 43 people found the following review helpful:

Are you ready?, November 26, 2004
By S. Srinivasan

"Some of you believe in the idea of reincarnation. You come and ask me
what I believe, whether reincarnation is a fact or not, whether I
remember my past lives, and so on. Now, why do you ask me? Why do you
want to know what I think about it? You want a further confirmation of
your own belief, which you call a fact, a law, because it gives you a
hope, a purpose in life. Thus, belief becomes to you a fact, a law,
and you go about seeking confirmation of your hope. Even though I may
confirm it, it cannot be of vital importance to you. Whatever it may
be to me, real or false, what is important for you is that you should
discern for yourself these conceptions through action, through living,
and not accept any assertions." - krishnamurti

I cannot recommend this book high enough. This book is one of the most
comprehensive and accessible of Krishnamurti's work. It is a
collection of talks given at various parts of the world. In each
series of talk Krishnamurti leads the listener to look into serious
topics like Operation of thought, conflict , The art of seeing,
freedom, the energy needed for freedom, do we need a teacher, etc.
There is a huge difference between looking into an issue and
"thinking" about an issue. Thinking involves thought, and simply
looking is mere observation. And krishnamurti says that if this
observation, the seeing is done with total attention without the
interference of thought, then the intelligence operates.

Many a times while reading this book, my mind will come to a complete
stop and I would be taken to deep and spontaneous meditation.
Krishnamurti is highly skillful in sparking our insights and allows us
to see what he sees. He never says "This is right or this is wrong",
he doesn't even want us to agree or disagree to what is being said,
because he doesn't offer any theories. He just tells us to look
without judment, prejudice or opinions. He asks us to listen
"completely". He says that people ask questions for two reasons, one
is to confirm what they already beleive in, and the other is to
"really" find out the truth. The first way of asking will never lead
to an answer, because we are unwilling to listen to the "truth"; We
only want a confirmation for the false, and only the false needs
confirmations. This book is for sincere seekers of truth who really
want to know the truth. He says that when we look at the false as
false, what remains is truth. Health is the absence of diseases, and
so it truth the total negation of false. The ability to discern the
true from the false is what intelligence is. I have observed that
reading one talk per session in regular periods helps tremondously in
awakening "intellingence", not "my" intelligence but just
intelligence.

"As I was saying, the importance in asking a question is not to find
the answer but to understand the problem because there is only the
problem and not the answer. To ask a question is easy; but to go into
the problem is extremely difficult because once you know what the
problem is, the very seeing of the problem is the understanding of the
problem. The moment I can state the problem very clearly, simply, the
answer is there, I do not have to look beyond. But most of us do not
know what the problem is. We are confused about the problem and so
naturally we look, in our confusion, for answers; and that will only
produce further confusion. " -krishnamurti

24 of 34 people found the following review helpful:

Maybe worth reading for what little is understandable, July 21, 2001
By A Customer

I'm afraid this may not be of help to a lot of people, but perhaps I
might help some like me with a rational orientation but with deep
spiritual longings. I bought this and other books by Krishnamurti.
Although I like his advice that one find his own way and distrust so-
called "masters," frankly I can't understand what he is talking about
most of the time. Page after page I find myself wondering what he is
talking about. It just makes no sense to me. He does not get down to
specifics or say what his words mean. I think Krishnamurti was, for
me, my last attempt to find anything worthwhile in "mysticism," though
I'm sure K's fans would say he's not a mystic. So, by all means try
some works by Krishnamurti and see if it is for you. But I find now
about the only place I can go for solace now (after meeting so many
fat, smoking, vain, nationalistic, ignorant, vulgar and undisciplined
Zen masters here in Japan) is the Stoics, above all Marcus Aurelius,
Epictetus, Seneca, Socrates, together with those modern therapists
(above all in Cognitive Therapy and Rational Emotive Therapy) which
apply those classic ideas. Finally I realized that there are things we
can never know, and things that are outside our control. Just accept
this. I've wasted so much of my life searching for answers to
questions that have no answers. Pretending that there are answers when
there are none, and pretending that one can control things which one
can not only leads, say the Stoics and RET therapists like Albert
Ellis, or Windy Dryden, to frustration and unhappiness. But of course,
so does trying to find godliness in so-called "masters." Krishnamurti
is refreshing if only for his iconoclasm. So if this is all one is
able to understand from Krishnamurti, perhaps it may be worth it for
many people to read him who have not had the opportunity to find this
out for themselves yet.

22 of 22 people found the following review helpful:
Wake Up, March 10, 2000
By "cub_fan"

Read this book and wake up to the fears, misery and conflict that
prevades your life. Whether you admit it or not it is there, and Jiddu
Krishnamurti will not only point it out to you but show you the way to
"change". This is not a "self-help" book or for those looking for a
step-by-step instruction guide to finding happiness or intelligence.
Instead, this book is a wake-up call. He has a simple message that is
conveyed in various, entertaining ways.

27 of 28 people found the following review helpful:

invaluable collection, June 4, 2000
By Craig Chalquist, PhD, author of TERRAPSYCHOLO... (Bay Area, CA
USA) - See all my reviews

Krishnamurti provided a difficult antidote for the Western tendency
toward conceptual clutter: cut through to the heart of that clutter
and sit with it until it silences itself. Be prepared to do the work
of LOOKING if you buy this book, whose thesis is that where awareness
operates and thought comes to an end, perhaps there can flower a
different kind of intelligence that has nothing to do with intellect;
an intelligence open to love.

15 of 15 people found the following review helpful:

Release Your Mind, February 18, 2000
By James M Lowry Jr (Ft Stewart, Ga)

I believe that by reading this book you will be able to open your mind
to all challenges and seek inner peace. His philosophy of using all of
you rintelligence before you consider an action will definently amaze
you. A must read to start your inner "healing"

20 of 22 people found the following review helpful:

The Most Important Book Ever...., July 13, 2002
By David (Liskeard, Cornwall United Kingdom)

Forget Zen Buddhism, Freud, Psychiatrists, forget everything you think
you know. Just read and see what Krishnamurti sees. To see without
prejudice to see with a free mind. This book has changed my life
forever. I know who I am now, I found this out myself, not by being
told what is right or wrong but by seeing with a clear mind. You are
the only person who can save yourself. Don't even think about buying
this book, just buy it. GENIUS!

14 of 15 people found the following review helpful:

The real owner's manual for the mind, for the spirit, November 23,
2004
By Dan The Conqueror (usa) - See all my reviews

What Krishnamurti offers the reader here are exercises for the mind
that will help us re-wire our brains to think in a different way, that
will allow us to obtain a new perception of who we are, and what our
world is, and the harmony of both, leading to a freedom that can't
quite be explained in words, but will be felt by those few who
experience it. Have you stopped to think that it really makes no
difference what car you drive, the clothes you wear, the place you
live, because you still will at times feel sad, troubled, depressed,
sick, and happiness is not guaranteed by these material objects?
What is our purpose in life? The author touches on these and other
subjects, which we've being conditioned to believe as a universal
truth, in today's modern "greed and riches are the only goal" society.
He offers his ideas on how we free our minds from learned concepts,
ideas, cultural traditions, and other thoughts that tie us into
inflexible thinking, that doesn't allow us to understand new
experiences, new ideas.

Krishanmurti, explains that in order for us to understand, we must say
to ourselves "I don't know" so that we can have a clean slate with
which to experience new ideas. Therefore not letting old, inflexible,
sometimes narrow-minded, ideas or experiences, which we may have
gathered through life, which are the sum of the culture, traditions,
and experiences of thousands others who may, or may not be entirely
correct in their interpretation either do to lack of knowledge, or a
tunneled vision.

He describes how , by us depending on old ideas, acquired knowledge,
and experiences,
We are pre conditioned, and bias, to new experiences, making it hard
for us to obtain the full effect of any new experience. "Ah here we go
again" is something all of us have said at times, and this is exactly
what Krishnamurti is telling us not to do. When we think we opened our
mental files, draw one from the bunch, and base our emotions, and
reactions on that, which is wrong because in general terms, to grow as
intelligent beings, we need to learn to clear our minds of the old
(ideas, experiences, concepts) to make room for the new. He also says
in this book that we should experience these things ourselves, not
through gurus, religious leaders, or spiritual guides, as it is only
you the one that can experience such a mental broadening, and someone
else can't teach it.

His ideas could seem complicated, and hard to grasp in the beginning
but if you read carefully, and maybe stop to think about it for a
while, you'll find that they make sense.
The mind is like a warehouse where we store our ideas, and
experiences, and once we
We have a certain amount of them, we base our behavior on them. Every
time we encounter a new situation we draw from that warehouse, and if
what's in storage is
In turn based on those ideas and experiences of others, we may not be
experiencing life
fully. This is because we haven't really used our very own and
personal thought process fully enough to see and understand way beyond
those that came before us.
Krishnamurti advocates that we tear down the fences in our minds. He
explains that all knowledge has been fragmented, in different areas,
yet we as persons are one complete being. And we then behave and think
fragmented as well. We talk about "my spirit", "my mind", "my body",
as if they were separate from one another, yet they all reside in the
same place: you.

If you have thought about the meaning of life, what your purpose in
life is, what is this crazy place we call "world", then this book is
for you. If you've ever thought about how is it that we follow
established patterns of behavior like going to school, to work,
getting married, paying bills, following goals, saving for retirement,
among others, you should get thisbook. If you've realized that we're
all right now living through one of the many stages of our lives
(childhood, teenager, young adult, adult, middle age, golden years
etc.) this book has many answers to those questions you've thought
about but haven't been able to ask someone else.

17 of 19 people found the following review helpful:

One of the most instructive books I've read!, December 21, 2001
By Aranval "aranval" (France) - See all my reviews

One of the most instructive books I've read. Krishnamurti is different
from usual spiritual guides because he does not give you a method to
follow. I would say that he is more like Socrates who says "Know
yourself". What he is saying is that all the answers are in yourself
and you do not have to follow any discipline or method to be able to
grow. He even goes further by saying that following a master
discipline is another barrier that you are building in your spiritual
path. Strict discipline constraints you and goes again freedom that
you are seeking. This book is the good overview of Krishnamurti
thoughts and I really encourage you to read it because it will surely
open your mind!

12 of 13 people found the following review helpful:

Conversations with a teacher of intelligence, October 18, 1997
By ***@aol.com (New York, USA)

Have you ever wondered what it would be like to rid yourself of fear
and become at peace with yourself and your surroundings? If you have,
this is the book for you. Through a series of conversations, J.
Krishnamurti gives a breif overview of many of his contraversial
beliefs. This is a wonderful introduction to a different world. A
world without avarice and malice, but with love and intelligence
filling the void of the modern man/woman. This book is a great
starting block not only to the works of Krishnamurti, but to a new way
of thinking an living.

13 of 15 people found the following review helpful:

Compelling Reading !, September 24, 2002
By Avid Reader (Los Angeles, CA, USA)

"The Awakening of Intelligence" made me contemplate deeply on the
common emotions and issues we face everyday. The book uses simple text
to convey great depth of thought. Reading the book heightened my
awareness of the collective spirit/consciousness that we create. The
book throws light on the perils of conditioned /habituated thinking.
Aptly titled, this book urges the reader to brush off the weight that
we carry in our lives, and embarks the reader into an enlightening
journey. I wonder if anyone can keep this book down, without
completing it! This book is a must read and it holds a treasure of
timeless wisdom!

9 of 10 people found the following review helpful:

Refer to writer from Yokohama, Japan, August 29, 2001
By Warit Jarikasem (Kyoto City Japan)

I did carefully read your comment ,and humble think that I really
understood how you felt. Actually, before anyone starts reading
Krishnamurti's work, I recommend he should have some experience in
observing his own thought and mind.
It is no wonder for me that most people do not understand what
Krishnamurti said. Because what he said could not be understood
intellectually, rather it must be experienced by one ownself.
He has his mind, you have your mind. But all of us experience love,
anger, hatred, etc. which are the same for all human being. He
observed his mind and nature, then expressed his experience in his own
word, Could you do what is called non-self observation UNINTENTIONALLY
carefully on your mind , and express them in your own language? If you
could, then you will understand Krishnamurti by your own heart..This
takes long long time to practice. So don't give up.
Men cannot search the meaning of life in books, . Human being cannot
determine his own position in this world by looking at where he is
standing alone. Imagine you were flying in the space and everywhere
you look was nothing but darkness. Can you tell where you were? This
also applies to our life.
Finally,Krishnamurti also said that ' we must also renounce him too in
order to reach true freedom'. So if one want to study his work, just
go ahead but remember to forget what he said, then return to one 's
own mind and experience by oneself.

22 of 28 people found the following review helpful:

Brilliance from many different angles, May 11, 1999
By R. Ellingson "ric" (northwest by northwest, MT)

Through discussions with people of all walks of life, Krishnamurti and
his questioners delve into the problems that all people of the world
share. Its time we 'wake up'. This awakening is a continual state of
mind that is awareness. "The first step is the last step" -
Krishnamurti. "What the world needs now is love sweet love". -B.
Bacharach. Now just change the word 'love' for 'awareness' and the
love will fall into place. Get awake and stay awake. Reading this book
and seeing the truth of that is a good start. Keep in mind the name of
this book is not 'The Awakening of Knowledge'. To the aware- truth,
love, intellegence unfold in the moment. Knowledge is the past. Be
intrigued into a new world that is possible. Read and then be aware.

8 of 9 people found the following review helpful:

Tied for the most important book I've ever read, September 7, 2001
By Joshua Minton (West Chester, Ohio USA)

I came to Krishnamurti through studying Joseph Campbell. The ideas
presented in this book literally shake the foundations of society and
force the individual into an internal dialogue about the nature of
time, thought, self, and one's place in society. The end result of
Krishnaji's teachings is always silence--vast, and energy filled
creativity. This one is a must read.

10 of 12 people found the following review helpful:

Refer to writer from Yokohama, Japan, August 29, 2001
By Warit Jarikasem (Kyoto City Japan)

I did carefully read your comment ,and humble think that I really
understood how you felt. Actually, before anyone starts reading
Krishnamurti's work, I recommend he should have some experience in
observing his own thought and mind.
It is no wonder for me that most people do not understand what
Krishnamurti said. Because what he said could not be understood
intellectually, rather it must be experienced by one ownself.
He has his mind, you have your mind. But all of us experience love,
anger, hatred, etc. which are the same for all human being. He
observed his mind and nature, then expressed his experience in his own
word, Could you do what is called non-self observation UNINTENTIONALLY
carefully on your mind , and express them in your own language? If you
could, then you will understand Krishnamurti by your own heart..This
takes long long time to practice. So don't give up.
Men cannot search the meaning of life in books, . Human being cannot
determine his own position in this world by looking at where he is
standing alone. Imagine you were flying in the space and everywhere
you look was nothing but darkness. Can you tell where you were? This
also applies to our life.
Finally,Krishnamurti also said that ' we must also renounce him too in
order to reach true freedom'. So if one want to study his work, just
go ahead but remember to forget what he said, then return to one 's
own mind and experience by oneself.

3 of 3 people found the following review helpful:

One of the best spirtual books out there., December 4, 2008
By Darin T. (New York, USA)

I ordered another spiritual book and this came up as something I might
like also like. I really was not prepared for how deep J Krishnamurti
goes into the different spiritual matters in this book. There have
been times so far that I have just wanted to put it down because it
has been hard for me to grasp onto some of his simple concepts such as
you and your thoughts and everything else involved with yourself
create the world around you. Im twenty nine years old have four years
of college under my belt but this has not been an easy read, I am
about 160 pages in and am just starting to grasp onto his concepts,
but this is my first time reading any of his work. I am not trying to
say that this is graduate level stuff or you need a Ph D just be aware
that this is some very intense rewarding reading,
Darin T.

24 of 34 people found the following review helpful:

Maybe worth reading for what little is understandable, July 21, 2001
By A Customer

I'm afraid this may not be of help to a lot of people, but perhaps I
might help some like me with a rational orientation but with deep
spiritual longings. I bought this and other books by Krishnamurti.
Although I like his advice that one find his own way and distrust so-
called "masters," frankly I can't understand what he is talking about
most of the time. Page after page I find myself wondering what he is
talking about. It just makes no sense to me. He does not get down to
specifics or say what his words mean. I think Krishnamurti was, for
me, my last attempt to find anything worthwhile in "mysticism," though
I'm sure K's fans would say he's not a mystic. So, by all means try
some works by Krishnamurti and see if it is for you. But I find now
about the only place I can go for solace now (after meeting so many
fat, smoking, vain, nationalistic, ignorant, vulgar and undisciplined
Zen masters here in Japan) is the Stoics, above all Marcus Aurelius,
Epictetus, Seneca, Socrates, together with those modern therapists
(above all in Cognitive Therapy and Rational Emotive Therapy) which
apply those classic ideas. Finally I realized that there are things we
can never know, and things that are outside our control. Just accept
this. I've wasted so much of my life searching for answers to
questions that have no answers. Pretending that there are answers when
there are none, and pretending that one can control things which one
can not only leads, say the Stoics and RET therapists like Albert
Ellis, or Windy Dryden, to frustration and unhappiness. But of course,
so does trying to find godliness in so-called "masters." Krishnamurti
is refreshing if only for his iconoclasm. So if this is all one is
able to understand from Krishnamurti, perhaps it may be worth it for
many people to read him who have not had the opportunity to find this
out for themselves yet.

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful:

Vital for our times, January 25, 2009
By Brian Moran "inquisitive" (queensland)

This book is not entertaining and it requires careful
observation,still I have to give it 5 stars.There are alot of
spiritual preachers on the go but this guy wont allow you to drift off
into airy fairy nonsense.This book is very practical and outlines very
well the problems with the human mind.Its obvious he is correct and
its also obvious that we wont change.I believe Krishnamurti died
regreting that nobody knew what he was talking about.
Still its nice to see all the positive reviews of his works at
amazon.
If you enjoyed this you may also like "I am that" by Nisargadatta
maharaj or the teachings of Ramana Maharashi

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful:

An inspiration..., September 15, 2008
By Brian P (Raleigh NC USA)

This book was an inpiration in my spiritual journey.
-The Big Glow Help other customers find the most helpful reviews

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful:

Marvellous, June 18, 2008
By Apurv V. Kumaria "Kumaria the searcher" (IA, USA)

This is a book which can easily change the way you see (observe)
world. It is a book which requires meditation.
Krishnamurti's talks on various topic and his insight to know yourself
is life changing.
While reading it, I used to go deep into thought and observed myself.
During this period you realize and know a lot about yourself. One of
the biggest thing which I learned was that you know the truth when you
know what is not true. Making yourself aware of yourself (including
anger, jealousy, prejudice) and not forcing it to go away is the the
true observation. Just watch yourself as you watch the the sky and the
birds without trying to do any change. This is just a small part of
things which changed my life. It is not a book that will change your
life but definitely one can change his own life after reading his
book. At some points in the book you will be lost as there is nothing
wrong or right but constant meditation on the topic will help one
out.

If you are ready to challenge your believes and habits, this is a must
read book. Help other customers find the most helpful reviews

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful:

The Awakening of Intelligence, May 21, 2008
By Shohreh "Shay" (NJ USA)

One the MOST influential book I have ever read! It is very easy to
follow, and I would recommend it to every one.

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful:

What is Buddhism?, December 18, 2007
By D. Reed (Los Angeles, CA)

If you're interested in actually practicing Buddhism, not just reading
or conceptualizing it, I feel like this book may help, because it's
like having a teacher in your pocket. He guides you in a way that is
productive, yet you have to truly see what he talks about for yourself
in order to appreciate it. Otherwise, as JK would say, it's just more
dead words.

9 of 13 people found the following review helpful:

comprehensive recording of K's teachings, September 11, 1998
By ***@aol.com (Michigan, USA)

highly recommended for those interested in reading what is perhaps the
most wide-ranging recording of Krishnamurti's "teachings" in a single
book.

6 of 9 people found the following review helpful:

The Emperor has no Clothes, January 24, 2009
By Brian

Considering all of the good reviews this book has received, it's with
much trepidation that I write a somewhat scathing review. Perhaps I'm
missing some beautiful subtlety in Krishnamurti's words, but I felt
that he did an amazing job of speaking endlessly without really saying
much of anything. How many words does one really need to teach his
central point, that one should think for oneself? He mentions
repeatedly in his book that the reader shouldn't even be listening to
him, so I eventually took his sage advice and put the book down! I'm
an avid reader and I have to say that I can't think of another book
that frustrated me as much as this one. I just kept reading, hoping
for some worthwhile insights, but I never found much hidden in his
resolute verbosity. I would recommend reading a chapter of this in the
bookstore before taking it home.

Profound and Intruiging, March 24, 2010
By Joseph Macchiarulo (Portland, Maine)

I am an avid reader of Krishnamurti's work. I think he was probably
the most enlightened and insightful human being in recorded history.
We are very fortunate to have had someone with his clarity share his
insights at a time when his words could be carefully recorded and
transcribed to avoid the misinterpretation, confusion, and distortion
that have occurred with past enlightened people like Christ.

This book is a wonderful collection of in-depth dialogues, talks, and
writings. If you are looking for a good anthology of K's work, this is
it!

5 of 11 people found the following review helpful:

the essence of freedom, July 20, 2000
By "aguamar" (New York)

Have you ever touched the essence of freedom? It can happen. First,
one must understand that thought is limited, so that a new form of
seeing could emerge. It's happened reading this book. That's part of
the past now, but the essence that was touched is ever-new, always
there...

11 of 37 people found the following review helpful:

Krishnamurti UNDERMINES does not oppose an belief, August 13, 1999
By A Customer

Jiddu and I exchanged letters via David Bohm and Mary Zimbalist; Jiddu
undermines any path you are on: hedonism, Catholicism, atheism,
Hinduism. The secret to life is not a certain path, but getting off
the one you are on. In the state of attention, consciousness expands
---very different from tricks to become psychic. The question is who
is Jiddu when he was not in front of the public? Was HE consistently
attentive? Geoff Nicoletti

http://www.amazon.com/Awakening-Intelligence-Jiddu-Krishnamurti/product-reviews/0060648341/ref=dp_top_cm_cr_acr_txt?ie=UTF8&showViewpoints=1

http://www.amazon.com/Awakening-Intelligence-Jiddu-Krishnamurti/dp/0060648341/ref=dp_cp_ob_b_title_2#reader_0060648341

...and I am Sid Harth