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Religion, What's Your Poison?: Sid Harth
http://navanavonmilita.wordpress.com/religion-whats-your-poison-sid-harth/
Topics
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Unicode.http://www.sacred-texts.com/unicode.htm
Volunteer.http://www.sacred-texts.com/volun.htm
Wishlist.http://www.sacred-texts.com/wishlist.htm
Catalog.http://www.sacred-texts.com/cat/index.htm
African.http://www.sacred-texts.com/afr/index.htm
Age of Reason.http://www.sacred-texts.com/aor/index.htm
Alchemy.http://www.sacred-texts.com/alc/index.htm
Americana.http://www.sacred-texts.com/ame/index.htm
Ancient Near East.http://www.sacred-texts.com/ane/index.htm
Astrology.http://www.sacred-texts.com/astro/index.htm
Asia.http://www.sacred-texts.com/asia/index.htm
Atlantis.http://www.sacred-texts.com/atl/index.htm
Australia.http://www.sacred-texts.com/aus/index.htm
Basque.http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/basque/index.htm
Baha'i.http://www.sacred-texts.com/bhi/index.htm
Bible.http://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/index.htm
Book of Shadows.http://www.sacred-texts.com/bos/index.htm
Buddhism.http://www.sacred-texts.com/bud/index.htm
Celtic.http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/celt/index.htm
Christianity.http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/index.htm
Classics.http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/index.htm
Comparative.http://www.sacred-texts.com/comp/index.htm
Confucianism.http://www.sacred-texts.com/cfu/index.htm
DNA.http://www.sacred-texts.com/dna/index.htm
Earth Mysteries.http://www.sacred-texts.com/earth/index.htm
Egyptian.http://www.sacred-texts.com/egy/index.htm
England.http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/eng/index.htm
Esoteric/Occult.http://www.sacred-texts.com/eso/index.htm
Evil.http://www.sacred-texts.com/evil/index.htm
Fortean.http://www.sacred-texts.com/fort/index.htm
Freemasonry.http://www.sacred-texts.com/mas/index.htm
Gothic.http://www.sacred-texts.com/goth/index.htm
Gnosticism.http://www.sacred-texts.com/gno/index.htm
Grimoires.http://www.sacred-texts.com/grim/index.htm
Hinduism.http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/index.htm
I Ching.http://www.sacred-texts.com/ich/index.htm
Islam.http://www.sacred-texts.com/isl/index.htm
Icelandic.http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/ice/index.htm
Jainism.http://www.sacred-texts.com/jai/index.htm
Journals.http://www.sacred-texts.com/journals/index.htm
Judaism.http://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/index.htm
Legends/Sagas.http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/index.htm
Legendary Creatures.http://www.sacred-texts.com/lcr/index.htm
LGBT.http://www.sacred-texts.com/lgbt/index.htm
Miscellaneous.http://www.sacred-texts.com/etc/index.htm
Mormonism.http://www.sacred-texts.com/mor/index.htm
Mysticism.http://www.sacred-texts.com/myst/index.htm
Native American.http://www.sacred-texts.com/nam/index.htm
Necronomicon.http://www.sacred-texts.com/nec/index.htm
New Thought.http://www.sacred-texts.com/nth/index.htm
Neopaganism/Wicca.http://www.sacred-texts.com/pag/index.htm
Nostradamus.http://www.sacred-texts.com/nos/index.htm
Oahspe.http://www.sacred-texts.com/oah/index.htm
Pacific.http://www.sacred-texts.com/pac/index.htm
Paleolithic.http://www.sacred-texts.com/nel/index.htm
Parapsychology.http://www.sacred-texts.com/psi/index.htm
Philosophy.http://www.sacred-texts.com/phi/index.htm
Piri Re'is Map.http://www.sacred-texts.com/piri/index.htm
Prophecy.http://www.sacred-texts.com/pro/index.htm
Roma.http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/roma/index.htm
Sacred Books of the East.http://www.sacred-texts.com/sbe/index.htm
Sacred Sexuality.http://www.sacred-texts.com/sex/index.htm
Shakespeare.http://www.sacred-texts.com/sks/index.htm
Shamanism.http://www.sacred-texts.com/sha/index.htm
Shinto.http://www.sacred-texts.com/shi/index.htm
Symbolism.http://www.sacred-texts.com/sym/index.htm
Sikhism.http://www.sacred-texts.com/skh/index.htm
Sub Rosa.http://www.sacred-texts.com/sro/index.htm
Swedenborg.http://www.sacred-texts.com/swd/index.htm
Tantra.http://www.sacred-texts.com/tantra/index.htm
Taoism.http://www.sacred-texts.com/tao/index.htm
Tarot.http://www.sacred-texts.com/tarot/index.htm
Thelema.http://www.sacred-texts.com/oto/index.htm
Theosophy.http://www.sacred-texts.com/the/index.htm
Time.http://www.sacred-texts.com/time/index.htm
Tolkien.http://www.sacred-texts.com/ring/index.htm
UFOs.http://www.sacred-texts.com/ufo/index.htm
Utopia.http://www.sacred-texts.com/utopia/index.htm
Women.http://www.sacred-texts.com/wmn/index.htm
Wisdom of the East.http://www.sacred-texts.com/woe/index.htm
Zoroastrianism .http://www.sacred-texts.com/zor/index.htm
http://www.sacred-texts.com/zor/index.htm
The Rig Veda
Ralph T.H. Griffith, Translator
[1896]
This is the Ralph T.H. Griffith English translation of the Rig Veda.
This was one of the first etexts developed for this site. Each page of
this is cross-linked with the Sanskrit text of the Rig Veda. Both this
and the Sanskrit Rig Veda require browser support for Unicode. If you
have trouble seeing non-Latin characters in this text, refer to the
Sacred-texts Unicode page.
http://www.sacred-texts.com/unicode.htm
Rig-Veda, Book 1 .http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rvi01.htm
Rig-Veda, Book 2 .http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rvi02.htm
Rig-Veda, Book 3 .http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rvi03.htm
Rig-Veda, Book 4 .http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rvi04.htm
Rig-Veda, Book 5 .http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rvi05.htm
Rig-Veda, Book 6 .http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rvi06.htm
Rig-Veda, Book 7 .http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rvi07.htm
Rig-Veda, Book 8 .http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rvi08.htm
Rig-Veda, Book 9 .http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rvi09.htm
Rig-Veda, Book 10 .http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rvi10.htm
The Rig Veda
Ralph T.H. Griffith, Translator
Book 10
Some excerpts:
HYMN CLXXXVII. Agni.
1. To Agni send I forth my song, to him the Bull of all the folk:
So may he bear us past our foes.
2 Who from the distance far away shines brilliantly across the wastes:
So may he bear us past our foes.
3 The Bull with brightly-gleaming flame who utterly consumes the
fiends
So may he bear us past our foes.
4 Who looks on all existing things and comprehends them with his view:
So may he bear us past our foes.
5 Resplendent Agni, who was born in farthest region of the air:
So may he bear us past our foes.
http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv10187.htm
HYMN CLXXXVIII. Agni.
1. Now send ye Jātavedas forth, send hitherward the vigorous Steed
To seat him on our sacred grass.
2. I raise the lofty eulogy of Jātavedas, raining boons,
With sages for his hero band.
3 With flames of Jātavedas which carry oblation to the Gods,
May he promote our sacrifice.
http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv10188.htm
HYMN CLXXXIX. Sūrya.
1. THIS spotted Bull hath come, and sat before the Mother in the east,
Advancing to his Father heaven.
2 Expiring when he draws his breath, she moves along the lucid
spheres:
The Bull shines out through all the sky.
3 Song is bestowed upon the Bird: it rules supreme through thirty
realms
Throughout the days at break of morn.
http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv10189.htm
HYMN CXC. Creation.
1. FROM Fervour kindled to its height Eternal Law and Truth were born:
Thence was the Night produced, and thence the billowy flood of sea
arose.
2 From that same billowy flood of sea the Year was afterwards
produced,
Ordainer of the days nights, Lord over all who close the eye.
3 Dhātar, the great Creator, then formed in due order Sun and Moon.
He formed in order Heaven and Earth, the regions of the air, and
light.
http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv10190.htm
HYMN CXCI. Agni.
1. THOU, mighty Agni, gatherest up all that is precious for thy
friend.
Bring us all treasures as thou art enkindled in libation's place
2 Assemble, speak together: let your minds be all of one accord,
As ancient Gods unanimous sit down to their appointed share.
3 The place is common, common the assembly, common the mind, so be
their thought united.
A common purpose do I lay before you, and worship with your general
oblation.
4 One and the same be your resolve, and be your minds of one accord.
United be the thoughts of all that all may happily agree.
http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv10191.htm
http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rvsan/index.htm
Unicode
Many files posted at sacred texts since the spring of 2002 have
embedded Unicode. Unicode is a multi-byte alphabet which can represent
all major world scripts, and many obscure ones as well. This solves a
major problem for creators of etexts, as it is now possible to fully
transcribe texts in multiple languages without requiring ASCII
transliterations, special fonts or browsing software. Unicode enabling
also takes care of right-to-left scripts more-or-less automatically.
All modern web browsers support Unicode if you have a decent Unicode
font installed, provided you designate that font as your default font.
That said, this is definitely still on the cutting edge, and you may
need to tweak your browser settings to get the full character set. And
there are some features which are buggy in particular browsers,
although support seems to be getting better in newer versions; having
an up-to-date version of your operating system also helps.
For instance, some browsers have a few problems displaying some
subscript and superscript characters such as Hebrew vowel points (they
get displayed to the left of where they should be, with a space above
them). Some older versions of Internet Explorer do not display medial
and final forms when displaying Arabic (which makes it unusable for
this purpose). Firefox 3, on Windows XP, with Code2000 doesn't display
the entire Quran character set, particularly some more obscure ones.
IE8 on Windows XP, with Code2000 renders all but three of the archaic
Quranic characters correctly. We haven't tested every browser/OS/font
combination. For this reason, we have also posted a version of the
Quran which uses gif images to display Arabic. But this is an
exception. And this may have been fixed in more recent versions of the
browser.
It appears that Firefox does not render Devanagari 'i' correctly: it
places it after the associated consonant, not before.
IE and Safari do not display the correct presentation forms for
Unicode Cyrillic italics: Safari does not even allow Cyrillic to be
italicized, whereas IE shows italicized forms of the base graphemes,
which is incorrect. Opera and Firefox display these presentation forms
correctly. Strangely enough, the italic Cyrillic presentation forms
are displayed correctly in MS Word 2003.
Some problems viewing some polytonic Greek files on the 5.0 CD-ROM
under Mac OS-X have been reported. These have been fixed on the
website and the 6.0 DVD-ROM, but not on the 5.0 CD-ROM.
We welcome any comments or questions about the visibility of Unicode
on this site in various browsers, and we will add advisories on this
page. Extensive Unicode resources can be found at unicode.org
[External Site].
Recommended Unicode Fonts
If you need a Unicode font, we recommend the Code 2000 shareware font
[External Site]. This is a very extensive Windows font, and the one
which we use to test the site with.
We also recommend the site http://www.alanwood.net/unicode/fonts.html,
which lists dozens of Unicode fonts for a variety of platforms.
A Unicode font, Arial Unicode MS, comes with Windows XP. It has some
good points: it seems to have better coverage of some of the more
obscure Arabic characters than Code2000. That said, Arial Unicode MS
is not pretty, and if reading everything in a sans serif font isn't
your cup of tea, you may want to look elsewhere. Note that this font
may not be installed on your XP system by default. If you have XP and
don't see Arial Unicode MS as one of your available fonts, you may
need to dig out your Windows disk. You also can buy it from Microsoft,
but they charge an exorbitant $99 for it. With so many free and
inexpensive Unicode fonts, there is no reason to pay that much!
There is also a page about font issues regarding the Unicode Hebrew
Bible at sacred-texts which includes a specialized redistributable
font.
Enabling Unicode in Your Browser
The most common complaint is 'I downloaded and installed Code2000 but
I still see little boxes in your files'. This is because you also have
to tell your browser that you want to view Unicode content using that
font.
First of all, we recommend that if you have an older browser, you
should obtain the most recent version. If you are using AOL or another
ISP which has a bundled browser, you may wish to get the most recent
version of Internet Explorer or Netscape and use it for browsing
Unicode content; the bundled browsers are notoriously buggy,
particularly when it comes to cutting-edge features such as Unicode.
Here's how to get Unicode working in Internet Explorer using Code2000.
The procedure is very similar for other browsers.
1. Download and Install the Unicode Font
First of all you need to download the font and install it. For
instance, if you are using Windows XP, you start the Control Panel
'Fonts' program, and then select 'Install New Font' from the 'File'
menu.
2. Make the Unicode Font Your Default Web Page Font
Let's assume you have downloaded and installed the 'Code2000' font.
Start Internet Explorer and go into 'Tools | Internet Options' and
select the 'Fonts' dialog.
On the 'Web Page Font', Code2000 should show up in the scrolling
listbox, if you downloaded it and installed it correctly. Select it.
Unless you do this, some Unicode characters (such as the accented
Greek characters and some Hebrew characters) may not show up.
I'm still seeing little boxes! What to do?
The most common problem is skipping step two in the previous section.
If you don't designate a full Unicode font as your default 'Web Page
Font', you will still only have whatever minimal Unicode support is
built into your operating system.
Typically this will include some of the simplest extended Latin
accented characters, as well as basic Greek and Hebrew characters.
However, you won't be able to view specialized accented Latin
characters, polytonic Greek, or pointed Hebrew. You won't be able to
see any Arabic or Devanagari characters, astrological symbols, and so
on. These will show up as the dreaded 'boxes' (or question marks in
some browsers).
The web pages with heavy Unicode dependencies at this site don't have
embedded font information because that would greatly inflate their
size; and in the case of sections such as the Hebrew Bible and
Sanskrit/Transliterated Rig Veda, that adds up to some serious extra
baggage. Therefore I leave it up to you to tell your browser which
font to use. You can always switch it back easily if you aren't
reading specialized Unicode content.
Manually Selecting Unicode Encoding
You may need to also manually select 'Unicode (UTF-8)' in certain
browsers. For instance, under Internet Explorer, you can select 'View
| Encoding', and 'Unicode (UTF-8)'. Under Netscape, this is 'View |
Character Coding'.
Technically, some of these pages don't use the UTF-8 encoding scheme.
However this seems to be the only way to specify that you are viewing
Unicode content for some browsers. I've started to add UTF-8 META tags
to all files which have any amount of Unicode. This seems to have
helped.
Unicode Implementation
Technically speaking, the Unicode characters are embedded in 8 bit
HTML using 'character entities', for instance:
ॐ = ॐ
א = א
Ω = Ω
If your browser is Unicode-enabled, you should see the Sanskrit letter
for 'Aum' (see this image); the Hebrew letter Aleph, and a Greek
capital Omega above.
For disk space and bandwidth reasons, I've also started to use the
UTF-8 encoding scheme in the files which are predominantly Unicode,
such as the Greek and Hebrew portions of the Bible and the Rig Veda.
This is a variable-length binary compression scheme which encodes
Unicode efficiently. Instead of the 6 bytes per character that the
HTML entity requires, UTF-8 requires one to three bytes to represent
the 16 bit Unicode character set. Most modern browsers handle UTF-8
automatically, assuming you have installed a complete Unicode font.
In some cases Unicode has been used to transcribe Latin characters
with accents outside the ISO-8859-1 HTML character set. In other cases
complete texts or extensive portions of the text are in Unicode. Among
the Unicode character sets in use currently are Arabic, Chinese,
Extended Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Tibetan, Runic and Sanskrit.
Some of the Unicode-enabled files at sacred-texts include:
The Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) [Hebrew] http://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/tan/index.htm
The Septuagint [Greek] http://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/sep/index.htm
The Greek New Testament http://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/gnt/index.htm
The Qur'an [Arabic] http://www.sacred-texts.com/isl/uq/index.htm
The Rig Veda [Sanskrit] http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rvsan/index.htm
The Poems of Sappho [Greek] http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/usappho/index.htm
The Confucian Classics in Chinese and English [Chinese]
http://www.sacred-texts.com/cfu/cfu.htm
The Gnostic John the Baptizer [Greek, Extended Latin]
http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/gno/gjb/index.htm
She-rab Dong-bu [Tibetan] http://www.sacred-texts.com/bud/srdb/index.htm
The Kebra Nagast [Ethiopian, Extended Latin] http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/kn/index.htm
The Rune Poem [Runic] http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/ascp/a12.htm
Introduction to Astrology [Astrological Signs] http://www.sacred-texts.com/astro/aia/aia17.htm
The Tale of the Armament of Igor [Cyrillic, Extended Latin]
http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/tai/index.htm
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http://www.sacred-texts.com/unicode.htm
...and I am Sid Harth